In September 2019, the Guatemalan Institute of Statistics submitted its report on the XII Census of the Population and VII Census on Housing, conducted in 2018. 3 The results, widely challenged by different sectors of society, indicated that the country has a population of 14.9 million, 3.7 million more than at the time of the 2002 census, giving year-on-year growth of 1.8%. This is a significant demographic change to previous censuses, which had population growth nearer to 2.5% per year. Informe del Procurador de los Derechos Humanos de Guatemala al Comité de Naciones Unidas para la eliminación de la Discriminación Racial con ocasión del examen de país (sesión 98/2019). Last accessed 14 February 2019: https:// tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CERD/Shared%20Documents/GTM/INT_CERD_ IFN_GTM_34504_S.pdf Guatemalan Institute of Statistics, XII Censo Nacional de Población y VII de Vivienda. Last accessed 14 February 2020: https://www.censopoblacion.gt/ In his speech to the UN General Assembly in 2019, President Jimmy Morales (also singled out for corruption) accused CICIG of not following due process and called for an end to its operations. This was rejected by the UN Secretary General and so President Morales decided unilaterally not to renew CICIG’s mandate. Misión de la OEA resalta desigual participación de mujeres e indígenas en la política guatemalteca”. El Periódico, 13 August 2019: https://elperiodico.com. gt/nacion/2019/08/13/mision-de-la-oea-resalta-desigual-participacion-de- mujeres-e-indigenas-en-la-politica-guatemalteca/

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. 2013: https://www.oecd.org/corporate/ mne/ In sum, despite the notable 4.5% increase in Indigenous numbers within the country’s ethnic composition as a whole, far more effort is needed to ensure that censuses make better use of the principle of ethnic self-identification. This information must also be used to re-direct development policies towards a cultural perspective that embodies the collective rights of Indigenous Peoples. The Corruption Pact and the end of CICIG’s mandateInter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), “Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala”. December 2015 : http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/ pdfs/Guatemala2017-en.pdf Some Indigenous Peoples ran their own self-identification campaigns, and this did result in greater visibility; for example, between the 2002 and 2018 censuses, the Xinca population increased from 16,214 to 264,167 inhabitants, the Ch’orti’ from 46,833 to 112,432, the Garífuna from 5,040 to 19,529 and the Poqomchi’ from 114,423 to 208,008. 4 Other peoples showed increases close to the country’s growth rate: for the first time, the category of Afrodescendant or Creole (27,647 inhabitants) was included, and also the Maya Chalchiteko people (33,541 inhabitants), who were officially recognised as a linguistic community in 2003. Data from the census and from other specialist studies shows the deep inequalities that continue to exist between Indigenous and non-indigenous people, above all with regard to health, education, work and income, these inequalities being even greater when it comes to Indigenous women. The socio-economic situation of Indigenous people in Guatemala continues to show deep inequalities due to structural problems such as social exclusion, racism and dispossession of their livelihoods, all of which places them in a situation of poverty or extreme poverty. Poverty affects 75% of Indigenous and 36% of non-indigenous people, 1 while chronic malnutrition affects 58% of Indigenous and 38% of non-indigenous people. 2 The Constitution of the Republic does not recognise either the existence of Indigenous Peoples or the multicultural composition of society. The country has ratified UN agreements on Indigenous Peoples such as: ILO Convention 169 (which the Constitutional Court elevated to constitutional status in 2010, forcing the country to recognise Indigenous Peoples’ rights, including the right to prior consultation), the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and the FAO policy on Indigenous and tribal peoples. In practice, however, exclusion is prevalent, for example, in the national media, which prioritises Spanish as the official language while Indigenous languages have limited cover solely in the local media. The population census and Indigenous Peoples

This has represented a harsh blow to Indigenous Peoples’ right to migrate, especially when one considers that migration has historically formed one of their main options for family survival. In addition to this, the money sent home by these migrants has been a primary source of foreign currency for all three countries for the last 10 years. Dubious hydroelectric projects Terrible, terrible scores for the opener. This was the second consecutive fight where Scrappy Ramirez fought an opponent with limited power that usually campaigns at a lower weight class, and the second consecutive time where he looked limited and underwhelming. Unfortunately for Fernando Diaz, house fighter bias carried the day, and Ramirez (12-0, 8 KO) escapes the night officially undefeated. Guatemalan Institute of Statistics, XII Censo Nacional de Población y VII de Vivienda. Resultados del Censo 2018. Last accessed 14 February 2020: https:// censopoblacion.gt/explorador The Spanish PNC felt that significant changes had occurred in some reaches of the Cahabón River within the project’s area of influence, with potentially negative effects on the local communities. In addition, they recommended that the Spanish company insist that its local partner, Corporación Multi Inversiones, participate actively in the process, proactively seeking ways in which to improve the quality of life of the local communities, demonstrating an interest and commitment to their well-being and working with the Guatemalan Supreme Court of Justice to implement the judgment that requires a community consultation to be held, as well as helping the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources to conduct a new independent environmental impact assessment. Criminalisation of Indigenous rights defenders

The Indigenous World

Gobierno de Jimmy Morales dejó aprobado proyecto hidroeléctrico Pontilá”. El Periódico, 29 January 202 0: https://elperiodico.com.gt/nacion/2020/01/29/ gobierno-de-jimmy-morales-dejo-aprobado-proyecto-hidroelectrico- pontila89/ This was not a fight made by popular demand. Rocha (23-1, 15 KO) spent most of the year so far orbiting around a mandatory shot at WBO welterweight champion Terence Crawford. Young (24-3, 8 KO) had to withdraw from fighting Rocha in January, but got a second chance as the final stages of negotiations for the undisputed welterweight mega-fight between Crawford and Errol Spence left Rocha in need of a stay-busy opponent. ONU urge de nuevo a Guatemala garantizar sistema de justicia independiente contra corrupción e impunidad”. El Periódico, 11 February 2019: https:// com.gt/nacion/2019/02/11/onu-urge-de-nuevo-a-guatemala- garantizar-sistema-de-justicia-independiente-contra-corrupcion-e- impunidad/

Yet again, no more than 10% of members elected to the Congress of the Republic are Indigenous, in contrast to the 44% of the population who self-identify as such, according to the latest census. Moreover, Indigenous congressmen and women run as part of a political party and not in accordance with Indigenous Peoples’ principles, so their legislative representation is severely disadvantaged. Overcoming this problem of poor Indigenous and female representation in the Congress of the Republic was one of the proposals included in the frustrated constitutional reforms that were not approved by Congress. Indigenous participation was, by contrast, greater at local level, particularly in municipalities with a higher proportion of Indigenous population. Guatemala: 327 agresiones a personas defensoras en 2019”. International Federation for Human Rights, 5 August 2019: https://www.fidh.org/es/temas/ defensores-de-derechos-humanos/guatemala-327-agresiones-a-personas- defensoras-en-2019 Alexis Rocha started hot and finished strong tonight in Indio, California, pummeling the body of Anthony Young to set up a crushing left hook to the head that ended things in the 5th round.Militares integran Gabinete de Seguridad de Alejandro Giammatte”. El Periódico, 13 August 2019 : https://elperiodico.com.gt/nacion/2019/10/25/ militares-integran-gabinete-de-seguridad-de-alejandro-giammattei/ The census data offers significant findings for Indigenous Peoples in relation to the principle of self-identification. The Indigenous population, classified by the census into Maya (with their 22 ethnic groups), Garífuna, Xinca and Afrodescendants, are found across all of the country’s departments and municipalities, although each people has a clear geographic focus. While the 2002 census gave the Indigenous population as 39.26% of the total, this rose to 43.75% in 2018 (6.5 million), some 4.5 percent more than the last census. Even so, the Indigenous organisations felt that insufficient publicity had been undertaken to promote self-identification and that the actual census had been hampered by events arising due to the political crisis around the war on corruption and impunity. This emerged in 2015 and was a dominant feature until 2019 and was largely expressed in people’s mistrust in their current government, in some areas to such an extent that it was simply not possible to conduct the census. According to figures from the 2018 census, Guatemala has a population of 14.9 million inhabitants, 6.5 million (43.75%) of which self-identify as Indigenous, from the Maya, Garífuna and Xinca Indigenous Peoples, or Creole (Afrodescendants). The Maya can be further divided into 24 groups: the Achi’, Akateco, Awakateco, Chalchiteco, Ch’orti’, Chuj, Itza’, Ixil, Jacalteco, Kaqchikel, K’iche’, Mam, Mopan, Poqomam, Poqomchi’, Q’anjob’al, Q’eqchi’, Sakapulteco, Sipakapense, Tektiteko, Tz’utujil and Uspanteko. Set sail on the crystal waters of the Atlantic and discover the wonderful Algarve coast on a boat trip from Portimao. Dependant on which boat trip you choose, you can see the wonderful Benagil Caves, which are only accessible by water, a natural beauty that you’ll never forget. Boat trips are also available to take you down the Arade River, where you can sightsee, visit historical attractions and relax under the beaming sunshine. Go diving